Migraine (Headache)

What is Migraine?

Migraine is a common yet complex neurological condition characterized by recurrent, intense headaches often accompanied by other disabling symptoms. Unlike regular headaches, migraines typically cause throbbing or pulsating pain, usually on one side of the head, and can last from a few hours to several days.

Symptoms

Migraine symptoms vary from person to person but commonly include:

• Moderate to severe head pain, often on one side
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sensitivity to light, sound, or smell

Phases of a Migraine Attack

A migraine attack may occur in four distinct phases:

• Prodrome:

  Subtle early symptoms such as mood swings, food cravings, or neck stiffness

• Aura:

  Visual or sensory disturbances experienced by some individuals

• Attack:

  The headache phase, lasting from 4 to 72 hours

• Postdrome:

  Exhaustion, confusion, or weakness after the headache subsides

Causes and Triggers

The exact cause of migraine is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve abnormal brain activity affecting nerve signals, chemicals, and blood vessels. Common triggers include:

• Stress or emotional anxiety
• Hormonal changes, especially in women
• Certain foods such as cheese, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol
• Skipping meals or irregular eating habits
• Sleep disturbances or changes in sleep patterns
• Bright lights, strong smells, or loud noises
• Weather or environmental changes

Treatment

Migraine treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future attacks through appropriate medications and lifestyle modifications. Recent advances in migraine management include newer approved medications, Botox injections, and nerve block therapies.

Living with Migraine

Migraine can significantly affect quality of life. Maintaining a headache diary to identify triggers and working closely with a Neurologist can help reduce the frequency and severity of attacks. Many individuals also find relief through home remedies and lifestyle adjustments.

With proper treatment and preventive strategies, most people with migraine can effectively manage their condition and lead a comfortable, productive life.